Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences, except:

• Where the "initial recognition exception" applies
• In respect of outside temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, where it is probable that the asset will be utilised in the foreseeable future, except:

• Where the "initial recognition exception" applies
• In respect of outside temporary differences relating to investment in subsidiaries

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the asset to be utilised. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset realised based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction, either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities, and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.