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Company       Group
2020 2019   (R’million) 2020 2019 
Restated*
      3 Operating income before impairments and abnormal items    
        Operating income has been determined after charging/(crediting):    
        External auditors’ remuneration 25,9 23,6
        – Audit fees 23,4 22,1
        – Other fees and expenses 2,5 1,5
        Internal auditors’ remuneration 9,1 10,3
        Lease charges** 46,5 201,6
        – On land and buildings 21,3 79,7
        – On plant, equipment and vehicles 25,2 121,9
        Loss on disposal of plant, equipment and vehicles 6,0
        Research, development and related expenditure 51,5 57,5
        IFRS 2 charges 66,1 60,9
        – Cash settled (3,3) 2,5
        – Equity settled, including BEE-related IFRS 2 charges 69,4 58,4
        Staff costs 3 702,3 3 337,9
        Employer’s contribution to retirement funding 271,8 255,3
        Employer’s contribution to medical aid 90,0 82,6
(0,1)     Foreign exchange profit (25,2) (4,7)
        Rental and fee income (4,1) (4,0)